[작성자:] 법무법인 여암

주주제안이란 주주가 주주총회에 원하는 의안을 올려달라고 회사 경영진에게 요구하는 것을 말합니다. 주식 전체의 3퍼센트(상장회사는 1퍼센트) 이상을 가진 주주가 주주제안을 할 경우 경영진은 이를 받아들일 의무가 있습니다.

그런데 주주제안 내용이 회사 경영진에게 불리할 경우, 경영진이 각종 이유를 들면서 거부하거나 무시한 채로 주주총회를 진행하는 경우가 빈번합니다. 주주제안을 거부해도 500만원 이하 과태료 외에는 처벌규정이 없고 주주총회도 법적으로 유효하기 때문입니다.

하지만 법무법인 여암은 최근 이러한 주주제안을 성공적으로 통과시켰습니다. 저희가 대리한 주주분은 회사 대표이사에게 신규 경영진 선임을 수차례 요구하였으나 묵살당해 결국 저희 법인을 찾아와 주셨는데요.

법무법인 여암은 사전에 관련 자료를 구체적으로 검토하고 주요 주주들과 긴밀히 소통한 끝에 전략적으로 주주제안을 진행하였고, 결과적으로 고객이 원한 신규 경영진이 주주총회에서 모두 선임될 수 있었습니다.

구체적인 내용은 아래 링크에서 확인해보실 수 있습니다.

주주제안을 통한 이사선임 성공사례 : 네이버 블로그

안녕하세요, 법무법인 여암에서 기업분쟁 및 민사소송을 담당하고 있는 이진혁 변호사입니다.

회사의 주주, 이사, 또는 감사는 회사가 새로운 주식을 발행한 날로부터 6개월 이내에 그 발행이 무효라는 소송을 제기할 수있습니다. 이를 ‘신주발행무효(확인)의 소’라고 하는데요.

그러나 회사가 신주를 발행한 것에 어떤 하자가 있다는 것만으로 바로 무효가 되는 것은 아닙니다. 새로 주식이 발행되고 유통됨에 따라 여러 이해관계가 발생할 수 있는데, 신주발행이 쉽게 무효가 된다면 상거래안전에도 큰 타격을 줄 수 있기 때문입니다. 따라서 신주발행을 무효로 볼 수 있는 하자는 상당히 제한적으로 해석할 필요가 있습니다.

관련해 저희는 최근 주주로부터 신주발행무효의 소를 당한 고객사를 대리하여, 고객사가 신주발행을 한 것에 하자가 있긴 하지만 무효로 볼 수 없다는 판결을 받아내었습니다. 이 사건에서 고객사는 이미 관련 형사절차에서 신주발행에 잘못이 있다는 이유로 유죄판결을 받긴 했으나, 저희는 위 사실만으로 신주발행이 무효가 될 정도의 중대한 사유가 아니라는 점을 성공적으로 증명한 끝에 전부승소 판결을 받아낼 수 있었습니다.

구체적인 사건 내용은 아래 링크를 참고하시기 바랍니다.

https://yeoamlaw.com/case/case.html?bmain=view&uid=27&search=mode%3D4%26%26page%3D1

안녕하세요, 법무법인 여암에서 기업분쟁 및 민사소송을 담당하고 있는 이진혁 변호사입니다.​

이사회는 주식회사의 이사 전원으로 구성된 회의체로, 회사의 업무집행에 관한 의사결정을 하고 대표이사를 비롯한 모든 이사의 직무집행을 감독하는 기능을 합니다.​

저는 아래 글에서 이사회의 1) 소집권자(및 소집을 요구할 수 있는 자), 2) 소집절차 및 소집통지 방법, 3) 소집통지에 하자가 있는 경우 이사회 결의의 효력에 대해 자세하게 작성하였으니, 참고하시기 바랍니다.

https://m.blog.naver.com/yeoamlaw/224030479642

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법무법인 여암은 20대 초반의 나이로 사법시험에 합격하고, 법조인의 실무능력을 평가하는 사법연수원을 우수한 성적으로 수료한 후 김앤장 법률사무소 및 검찰에서 경력을 쌓은 이진혁 변호사와 정정교 변호사가 ‘진실성 있는 법률서비스 제공’이라는 단순하면서도 어려운 원칙을 실현하고자 설립한 로펌입니다.

저희가 모든 고객을 진실된 마음으로 대하는 만큼, 고객들 또한 사건이 끝난 이후에도 네이버리뷰 등을 통해 저희에게 진실된 마음으로 감사함과 만족감을 표해주고 계십니다.

상담은 충실히 진행하고자 사전예약을 요청드리고 있습니다. 민사소송 또는 기업분쟁과 관련해 상담을 원하실 경우 네이버예약을 해주시거나, 전화(02-707-2202) 또는 이진혁 변호사의 이메일(jhlee@yeoamlaw.com)로 예약을 해주시기 바랍니다.

Provisional Attachment(“가압류(Ga-ap-ryu)”) is a system that temporarily deprives a debtor of his/her right to dispose a property even before judgment is made, in order to enforce a monetary claim of a creditor.

In principle, a creditor needs an enforcement title such as a judgment to enforce the debtor’s property, but it is necessary to freeze the property in advance to prepare for the risk that the debtor may dispose of the property during the lawsuit.

Provisional Attachment is distinguished from Provisional Disposition(“가처분(Ga-chu-Bun)”) in that it is a means of preserving a “monetary” claim, and it is distinguished from the creditor’s Right of Revocation, which is the right to recover the debtor’s property that has already been deviated, in that it is intended to maintain the “status quo” of the debtor’s property.

Below, we will explain the specific requirements for seizure: ① Preservation of a monetary claim, and ② Necessity of Preservation.

1. Preservation of a monetary claim

The right to be preserved by provisional attachment must be a monetary claim. Therefore, provisional attachment to preserve claims under family law or claims that cannot be converted into money is unpermitted(Article 276, Civil Execution Act).

On the other hand, provisional attachment to preserve claims that can be converted into money is permitted. For instance, provisional attachment to preserve a claim for registration of transfer of ownership is permitted, because the claim may be converted into claim for damages (money claims) in case of non-performance of transfer.

In addition, the right to be preserved by attachment does not have to be definite at the time of attachment application. If the basis for its creation exists, conditional claims or claims that will arise in the future can also be the right for provisional attachment(Supreme Court Decision 92다2891).

However, since provisional attachment is a system to preserve compulsory execution, attachment for right that cannot be enforced through civil execution procedure is not permitted. For example, provisional attachment for tax claims is not permitted, because tax claims are enforced through procedures under the National Tax Collection Act, not under the Civil Execution Act.

2. Necessity of Preservation

Provisional attachment may be effected where an execution of the judgment is impossible, or there exists a concern about the considerable difficulty in executing the judgment(Article 277, Civil Execution Act).

In other words, there must be a specific reason that makes it difficult to enforce the judgment even if the creditor acquires the judgment afterward(such as damage, concealment, or sale of the debtor’s property). This specific reason must lie with the debtor himself(not with the debtor’s guarantor or joint debtor), but the debtor’s intention or negligence is not necessarily required.

Necessity of preservation is determined by considering various factors, such as the debtor’s status, occupation, and financial status. If sufficient material collateral has been established for the creditor’s monetary claim, or if the creditor already has a final judgment and can immediately execute the judgment, the necessity of preservation is denied (Supreme Court Decision 2005다7672).

On the other hand, if a creditor has already received a provisional attachment but neglects to proceed with the main execution for a long time even after acquiring a judgment, the need for preservation may be deemed to have disappeared and the provisional attachment may be cancelled (Supreme Court Decision 90다카25246).

3. Relation with the main lawsuit

The right to be preserved by provisional attachment and the right that is the subject of the main lawsuit do not need to be strictly identical, and if the general basis of the claim is similar, the effect of the provisional attachment extends to the right of the main lawsuit.

If a debtor pays the debt after receiving provisional attachment, this becomes a reason for cancellation of the attachment due to “change of circumstances”(Article 288, Civil Execution Act). And the existing provisional attachment cannot be re-used to preserve other rights.

Provisional Attachment can be a convenient and prompt method to preserve a monetary claim. So if the debtor’s financial situation is unstable, provisional attachment before main lawsuit is strongly required.

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Yeoam Law Firm is a Korean law firm established by lawyers who have gained litigation experience at Kim & Chang, which is the top-ranked lawfirm in Korea, and at Prosecutor’s Office of Seoul.

For inquiries, please contact at jhlee@yeoamlaw.com

In this article, Lawfirm Yeoam will briefly explain how a civil litigation procedure is conducted in South Korea.

1. Filing

To start a lawsuit in Korea, you must file a complaint to a court. The person filing the lawsuit is called the “plaintiff,” and the other party being sued is called the “defendant.” Filing the suit is available via online site below.

https://ecfs.scourt.go.kr/psp/index.on

The important thing to note here is that you must file the complaint to the court which has jurisdiction over the case. The court with the jurisdiction is usually the court that has jurisdiction of the defendant’s address, but it may vary depending on the type of lawsuit. The specific details are stipulated in the Civil Procedure Act (Articles 2-25), so you should check in advance before filing.

For example, when requesting money from the other party, you can file a lawsuit with the court of jurisdiction of the “plaintiff’s” address as well. When requesting the other party to transfer real estate ownership, you can file a lawsuit with the court that has jurisdiction of the “real estate’s location”. The court of jurisdiction for each address is stipulated on the court website.

https://www.scourt.go.kr/region/location/RegionSearchListAction.work

2. Delivery

When a plaintiff files a complaint with the court, the court delivers the complaint to the defendant’s address, which is written on the complaint. In order for ‘delivery’ to occur, the mailman must personally deliver the complaint to the defendant.

However, if the plaintiff does not know the defendant’s address or the defendant is not present at that address written on the complaint when delivery occurs, the court issues an ‘address correction order’ to the plaintiff.

If you receive the order, you need to take appropriate measures to secure the address. However, this is quite a technical process, so it is recommended that you seek the assistance of a lawyer.

3. Response

According to the Civil Procedure Act, the defendant must submit a response within 30 days of receiving the complaint. However, the case will not be immediately lost or suffer any particular disadvantage even if the defendant does not submit a response within 30 days,

In practice, the defendant usually submits a response stating his/her general position within 30 days, and then organize and submit the specific details in a separate document.

4. Trial

When the defendant files a response, the court sets the first trial date. The trial date is not set immediately after the defendant files a response, but is determined at the discretion of the court. According to court statistics, it takes an average of about 5 months from the time the plaintiff’s complaint is received by the court until the first trial is held.

When the trial begins, the parties must appear in court and state their arguments orally, which is called “Byeon-lon(변론)” in Korean. If a lawyer is hired, only the lawyer must appear, and the party himself does not have to appear.

The content and evidence to be argued on the day of the trial must be submitted in advance as documents before the trial. And the documents submitted in advance to prepare for a trial are called ‘preparatory documents.’ It is best to submit preparatory documents at least one week before the trial so that the court and the opposing party can sufficiently check the contents.

Notice: A party should not state new claims that were not submitted in the preparatory statement on the day of the trial.

The trial is usually very short(except witness interrogation), lasting about 5-10 minutes. There is no need to make a long and persuasive speech like you see in the movies. In civil litigation, it is important to submit documents that faithfully organize your arguments and evidence before the trial, and it is not very important what you say to the judge on the very day of the trial. On the day of the trial, it is sufficient to orally confirm the documents already submitted and answer the judge’s questions.

5. Closure

When the plaintiff and defendant submit all of their arguments and evidence, the court declares that it will end the trial and pronounce a judgment within several weeks(“closure of arguments”). After the closure of arguments, the plaintiff and defendant can no longer submit additional arguments or evidence.

In the case of simple cases, the court may hold a trial once and immediately conclude the arguments, but usually it concludes the arguments after organizing the arguments and evidence through at least 2-3 trials.

6. Judgment

The court usually sentences the judgment 1-2 months after closing arguments, and announces the date and time of the judgment in advance at the closure of arguments. Unlike the trial, the parties do not need to appear on the sentencing date.

Please note that on the sentencing date, the court only announces the conclusion (not the reasons) of the judgment. Therefore, to check the specific reasons of the judgment, you must wait until the judgment is delivered. The judgment is usually delivered within a week from the judgment date.